The Carbon Footprint of a Smartphone & How to Minimize It

Smartphones are essential everyday tech that we cannot imagine our lives without. From work to play, these faithful gadgets help us achieve our goals, keep us company, and connect us with what we find worthwhile. 

Yet, these devices have a devastating impact on the environment. From how we make them to how we use them, they consume Earth’s finite resources with every notification and every charging cycle. 

The average carbon footprint of a smartphone is 57 kg of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e). To put it into perspective, it is similar to: 

• Driving a car for approximately 1000 kilometers

• Leaving a 30-watt light bulb on for about four years and two months

• Flying a passenger plane for about 180 kilometers 

What does Carbon Footprint mean?

Carbon footprint is the measure of carbon dioxide produced and released into the atmosphere due to any activity by an individual or entity. Everything we do releases CO2. From major culprits like burning fossil fuels to something as simple as cooking a meal or charging your smartphone.

Global smartphone charging produces 8,088,324 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) yearly. For perspective, that is roughly equivalent to 101,104,050 passenger flights.

Carbon footprint in mobile phone manufacturing

Going by the amount of advice available online for consumers to curb their smartphone use or make it more efficient, you would think they are the problem. The truth is that about 80% of all carbon emissions generated in a smartphone lifecycle happen during the manufacturing stage. 

• Apple iPhone Pro Max has a carbon footprint of 73 kg — 79% of it happens during production. 

• Huawei HONOR 20 Dual SIM model has a carbon footprint of 64.1 kg — 85.22% of it happens during production. 

• Samsung Galaxy S23+ has a carbon footprint of 58.8 kg — 83.7% of it happens during production.

It is important to note that carbon footprint rates can vary significantly from one device to another, even with the same manufacturer and across various regions. That is because hundreds of different parts go into making one, and consumer usage can vary greatly.

If you are attempting to reduce the carbon footprint of your smartphone, check with the manufacturer, entering your device model number.

5 Ways to reduce the carbon footprint of your phone

While it is true that manufacturers are responsible for producing the bulk of greenhouse gas emissions during a smartphone lifecycle, does that exonerate the user masses?

Hardly. Earth has given up so much (perhaps unwillingly) to produce a single smartphone. As someone who has bought that device, you are responsible for using it with intention. 

Below are five simple but efficient ways to reduce the carbon footprint of your phone and give some love back to Earth.  

1. Use your phone for as long as possible

Extend your phone life for as long as you can. Instead of upgrading your phone after 2-3 years, think of usage optimization to get the most value out of each device. Some hassle-free ways include protecting your phone body and screen. Screen protectors and phone cases can keep your phone from damage in case of falls and routine scratches.

Refreshing your phone wallpaper, changing icon sets, and trying out a new launcher are ways to look at your phone as if it is new. 

And if you are replacing your phone because the hardware cannot keep pace with the software, know that manufacturers release the latest models with very few useful updates. If your phone operating system is three years old, installing the latest update is much more economical than buying a new phone.

2. Charge your phone efficiently

Do not deplete your phone battery or overcharge it. The ideal charge is between 20-80%. Put it on charge before it hits 20%, and stop charging when it reaches 80%. Overnight charging is a strict no-no. It will damage your phone battery life and require more frequent charging cycles, increasing the damage further.

Also, leave the phone alone while it is charging. Charging heats your phone, and using it in that condition damages your phone and battery health. Plus, avoid using wireless chargers. They also produce lots of heat and may damage the phone in the long run. 

3. Shut down notifications and optimize phone storage

Phone storage and performance glitches are a few other reasons people go for phone upgrades. To ensure your phone lasts long, shut off all unnecessary app notifications. Go to your phone system and app settings and turn off notifications for apps that run in the background. 

While you are there, notice if any apps consume more power than most. If you do not want those apps running in the background, shut them off. You will be able to access them by launching them anew. Plus saving battery life in the meantime. 

Optimize phone storage by syncing your data with cloud storage. Images, videos, and other multimedia that you don’t need on your phone can be deleted after shifting them to the cloud.

4. Donate or recycle the old phone

When your phone has outlived its use for you, donate it so it can continue serving another user. Phones that have seen light use for social media or video streaming may help a small family bridge the digital gap. It may help a student enjoy a more stable connection with their school and thus continue being useful. 

Broken, damaged, or used-beyond-repair phones should be properly recycled. A local e-waste recycling company can help you get rid of your mobile phone more sustainably and ethically. Contact one that provides transparent recycling processes, so you know you can trust them.  

5. Choose a model with a lower carbon footprint

When it becomes clear that buying a new phone is the only way out, go on and splurge on the thing while still being mindful. There are two ways to choose a new phone with a lower carbon footprint.

1. Buy a recycled or refurbished phone if it has all the specifications you need. You will be saving the environment and your money doing it.

2. Buy a brand-new phone made with materials that are recycled or refurbished. That will ensure you are not buying something that has necessitated new mining and is, therefore, gentler for the planet.

Conclusion

Everything we do impacts the environment and the resources we consume. Smartphone usage, while necessary, creates a large carbon footprint that we can minimize by being more intentional. Deciding to use our devices for longer and not replacing them on impulse is one way to do that.

Using the battery with care, installing a screen protector, and shutting off unnecessary notifications are a few others. 

And when your smartphone truly reaches the end of its use for you? Send it to the next leg of its journey by donating it to someone who can still get more value out of it. For smartphones that have outlived their use, however, the right thing to do is contact a local recycler and say a final goodbye to your loyal machine. 

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Hummingbird International, LLC offers top-quality e-waste management solutions to businesses, corporate groups, commercial entities, and the residential sector. With over a decade of experience in the field, they excel in e-waste disposal, recycling, computer upgrading, dispatch, and making electronic items reusable. Their e-waste collection services are currently available in major regions in the US. Click here to learn more.

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Image: AYR Jeans

American-Made Denim

Denim is fundamentally American. From the high-quality workwear jeans made in mills during the 1930’s, to the rise of Levi’s throughout the 19th century, Americans have long been proud to sport blue jeans. Despite these origins, the rise of fast fashion and overseas production have diluted the quality and craftsmanship of many blue jeans available on the market today. Gone are the handmade buttons and hand-stitched seams, while spandex-filled jean substitutes and mass-produced overalls take their place. 

Luckily, there are still a number of brands that honor America’s history as a denim manufacturer. These brands not only continue to make their jeans in the United States, but they also draw upon the designs, practices, equipment, and even mills that were used nearly a century ago. Compared to fast fashion jeans, you’ll definitely feel and notice the difference in these jeans, which are intended to outlast even the hardest wear.

For men’s, women’s and gender-neutral jeans that are made in the USA with sustainability and heritage in mind, refer to these brands below and always check where your jeans are sourced and produced. That way, you can wear a pair of pants that makes you proud to be American.

Our Top Picks for American-Made Denim Brands:

1. AYR Jeans

AYR (all year round) is a denim brand that makes all of its jeans in Los Angeles. This West Coast denim company is on a mission to make “versatile, comfortable, easy-wearing essentials” that can be worn throughout the calendar year — and that last for years to come. In addition to making men’s and women’s jeans, AYR also makes denim shirts, like their “The Deep End,” a lightweight, Turkish-inspired classic shirt. Additionally, AYR makes denim jackets that are perfect for wearing in any season and layering with jeans for a classic Canadian tuxedo look, or over a dress for an elevated casual style.

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2. Sendero Provisions Co

Sendero makes men’s and women’s clothing, hats, accessories, and jeans that celebrate and are inspired by the great American West. Sendero, the Spanish word for “trail,” is infused into the brand by making products that go with you on your journey through life (and turn some heads along the way). Rather than taking already-made jeans and t-shirts and branding them, like many fast fashion companies do, Sendero makes each piece according to their unique design. If you’re looking for jeans that have a western flair and will stay durable and stylish for years to come, you’ll find them at Sendero.

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3. Aviator

Traveling in jeans hasn’t historically been the most comfortable idea, but Aviator changes that. This made-in-the-USA brand is specifically designed to make high-quality jeans that make travel effortless and chic. Aviator jeans are soft and made to last, and they’ve been rated as the best jeans for travel by numerous media outlets. Thoughtful design elements make these men’s and women’s jeans plane-friendly, including two hidden zipper pockets inside the regular pockets which allow you to carry your ID and other essentials. They also have more stretch than the average jean and have added softness that allows you to sit on a plane for long periods of time without being uncomfortable or having your jeans lose their shape.

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4. Imogene + Willie

Imogene + Willie makes jeans right in their Nashville, Tennessee factory, with an additional shop in Austin. Making all of their clothing inside the United States was one of their initial goals when they founded the factory back in 2009. They also make sure that everything they create is made using small-batch production, which eliminates unnecessary waste. If you’re buying your first pair of jeans with them, you can visit the denim bar in their shop, or you can give them a call directly to walk through the different options. They only offer refunds on their full-priced items within 30 days of delivery, so keep this in mind if you’re buying something online.

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5. Left Field NYC

This New York-based brand was founded in 1998 by Christian McCann, who sought to create quality, American-made clothing that honored the traditions of days gone past. Left Field specializes in workwear that is outfitted with details, such as interior pocket prints and specialized buttons. This jean brand intends to create an alternative to clothing mass-produced in other countries while also showcasing American culture through clothing that retains classic features but feels modern, too. They create many of their jeans using selvedge denim, which means that it’s “self finished” on the edge and won’t fray — adding to the appeal of these jeans which are designed to remain timeless.

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6. Hiroshi Kato

At Hiroshi Kato, made-in-America mens jeans are inspired by classic garments, the need for comfort, and a love for vintage style. Originally designed in Japan, Hiroshi Kato now makes all of its jeans inside the United States, focusing on menswear that’s both durable and tasteful. Kato is the creator of Denit, a knit material that has the appearance of high quality pants, but the feel of your favorite loungewear. By focusing on small-batch production runs rather than mass production, Hiroshi Kato can focus on crafting garments that utilize special stitches and other more time-confusing techniques that enhance the specialty and craft of their jeans.

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7. Ginew

Ginew is a Native American-owned clothing brand that uses sustainable, durable materials in all of their products, from Vidalia Mills raw selvedge denim to 100% cotton fabrics. In addition to producing all of their clothing in the USA, Ginew wants to uplift Native Americans by honoring their processes and traditions, fusing Ojibwe, Oneida, and Stockbridge-Munsee style. Each item they make is directly inspired by one of their relatives or community members, either in name, style, function, or technique. This brand makes men’s and women’s jeans, with an emphasis on selvedge denim made from deadstock fabric and adorned with rivets, zippers, and hardware all made in the USA. Ginew also partners directly with Native American artisans, whose products include fundraising items that directly support Native youth. 

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8. Raleigh Denim Workshop

At Raleigh Denim Workshop, you’ll find men’s and women’s jeans designed and made in North Carolina.

This brand has a literal workshop where their denim and other clothes are manufactured, and it also serves as a community hub for local Raleigh residents. The Workshop prides itself on sourcing high-quality materials that have an ethical, transparent supply chain, and using vintage sewing machines for a classic production process that ensures quality. They also offer hemming services, so you can send in your jeans to be hemmed to the perfect length, adding to their longevity.

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9. NOEND Denim

At NOEND Denim, each pair of jeans is crafted in Los Angeles and designed to celebrate America’s history of denim manufacturing while forging an individualized, authentic future. NOEND has a range of women’s styles available, from straight and skinny cuts to tapered, boot leg and baggy, so there’s truly something for everyone. NOEND is known for creating fashion-forward jeans that are also functional and true to size, making it easy to find the right fit. They also make men’s jeans as well as tops, jumpsuits, jackets and accessories made in America. Search their jeans by rise, fit, category, and other filters.

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10. Glenn’s Denim

Glenn Liburd became passionate about jeans while working at a clothing workshop in his native Trinidad, a journey that took him to Levi’s as the lead denim tailor and eventually to the opening of his own denim workshop, Glenn’s Denim. All of Glenn’s jeans are made in America and honor Glenn’s journey of coming to America and finding success through hard work. Glenn makes selvedge and non-selvedge jeans, slim jeans, straight jeans, slouchy jeans, and denim jackets. Most of his jeans are raw, meaning they haven’t been washed and allow the wearer to break them in according to their own lifestyle and preferences, but his inventory also includes washed denim that has a more broken-in feel.

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11. Wiesmade

Wiesmade Denim is transparently farmed, milled, and sewn in the USA. All of their materials are also sourced nearby where their heritage denim is made; for instance, they source cotton from Louisiana just a mile from their denim mill. Their philosophy is to validate a “less is more” mindset by creating rugged, workwear-inspired jeans that last. Their commitment to quality is echoed by their dedication to community — after two years of development, they established strong relationships with local suppliers across the United States who can support an ethical supply chain. The Wiesmade jeans headquarters is in Petaluma, California, where the rugged coast and nature inspires their eco-friendly denim designs. 

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12. B Sides

B Sides makes high quality denim in the USA. Their jeans range in style and fit, with everything from slim straight stretchy styles to slouchy low-rise jeans with a shaped outseam that gives an elevated look to the classic and popular wide leg jean style. B Sides gets its name from records, where the B side is usually the quirkier, more original side of the record without the popular hits. Similarly, instead of giving into mainstream fashion practices and trends, B Sides jeans sources denim from Georgia and North Carolina using washes, fades, and techniques inspired by the old days. B sides jeans are made to be unique, yet timeless enough so you can wear them forever.

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About the Author

Michelle Polizzi is an independent writer and storyteller with 7 years of experience creating content online. Her writing has appeared in leading publications like Bitch, WELL+GOOD, Insider, and Healthline, and she covers topics like sustainable living, mental health, and intersectional feminism. Currently, she's pursuing an MFA in creative writing.

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Ethical & Sustainable Women-Owned Brands

As consumers, we can have a significant and lasting influence on the planet simply through the brands we choose to support. For instance, opting to buy from sustainable brands that divert waste from landfills, donate to local communities, and minimize their carbon impact helps bolster these earth-friendly practices while keeping profits away from corporations that cause harm to people and the planet. 

Similarly, supporting sustainable brands that are also women-owned can have a major impact on women’s abilities to close the gender pay gap, foster equality and diversity, and create a more balanced future for all. If you’re looking to support more women-owned businesses this year that also have a sustainable mission, these 10 brands are a great place to start.

10 Sustainable Women-Owned Brands:

1. Ettitude

Ettitude is an innovative home goods brand that makes clean, hypoallergenic, breathable bedding designed to foster healthy sleep while helping the planet. Their patented fabric is a lyocell made from organic bamboo—a regenerative product that grows faster than it gets harvested and sequesters more carbon than trees. Ettitude also has a 100% traceable supply chain and is Oeko-Tex certified and climate neutral in addition to being a certified B-corporation.

Their line of bamboo bedding includes linen and signature sateen fabrics, and their bath products include waffle towels and bathrobes that are luxuriously soft and free from chemicals. Their waffle weave towel fabric absorbs water faster than cotton and is designed to get softer over time, so you know they are a good investment. All Ettitude products are meant to last, so they will continue to help your family live more sustainably while reducing toxin exposure and helping the planet.

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2. Clevr Blends

Clevr Blends describes itself as “a mission-driven, women-led wellness brand” intended to bring the magic of plants to everyday people. They create adaptogenic superlatte mixes that are filled with ethically-sourced ingredients like organic ashwagandha, lion’s mane, and reishi, along with probiotics and organic oat milk and coconut milk. In addition to being transparent about all of their ingredients, Clevr donates 1% of their revenue towards their Food Action Fund, which helps fight food justice and create change in the local food system in Santa Barbara where their blends are made. 

Their lineup is designed to simply mix into water or milk, and it includes chai, coffee, London fog, and mocha superlattes that are perfect for bringing both calm and ease to busy mornings. In addition to their wakeup drinks, Clevr Blends also makes sips for nighttime routines, such as their sleeptime superlatte, which contains chicory root, L-theanine, passionflower, and hops, among other ingredients.

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3. Everist

This hair and body care brand aims to create low-waste beauty essentials that are healthy for people and the planet. Their products are plastic free and come in aluminum tubes or tins, which can be recycled or reused. They make it easy to track the impact of every product, where you can assess the carbon emissions and waste impact, as well as instructions on how to recycle. 

Everist’s hair care products themselves are innovative because they don't contain water; instead, their products are highly concentrated and designed to be mixed in your wet palm while in the shower. These tubes boast 50+ washes, so they’ll last longer and use significantly less water than the average shampoo bottle. All Everist products are free from unnecessary ingredients, including parabens, sulfates, and silicones, and they are cruelty-free, vegan, and carbon neutral.

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4. Poplinen

Poplinen is a sustainable clothing brand made by and for women. They intentionally create body-inclusive designs that help make all women feel their best when wearing their clothes. 

Poplinen’s founder, Desiree Gaitan-Buchanan, is on a mission to create eco-friendly, comfortable essentials that foster greater representation in sustainability among minority women. 

They aim to reduce the amount of textiles in landfills by encouraging low-waste cutting techniques and directing customers to their resale platform, where over 1,000 pounds have already been diverted from the waste stream. 

All of their products are made in the USA and the company has made and set fair labor standards that align with international standards. Their cotton and tencel sweatpants, linen pajama sets, and jumpsuits are known for being lightweight, breathable, and true to size.

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5. Subset

Subset is a women-owned brand that creates sustainable undergarments via a transparent supply chain.

Founders Cayla O'Connell Davis and Lauren Sagadore brought their experiences in sustainability and product development to Subset with a mission to reimagine comfortable organic cotton essentials that elevate daily life. 

Their annual impact report provides a comprehensive look at all of their effects over the years. 

Subset’s line of underwear, bras, and loungewear is made to be comfortable and flattering, with organic cotton that’s ethically grown and sourced.

They also have robes, socks, and matching sets for men and women, with gender-neutral options. 

Subset partners with SuperCircle to invite customers to send in their undergarments of any kind, from any brand, where they can be recycled in exchange for a $15 credit.

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6. C&Co Naturals

This organic, plant-based based company based in Asheville, North Carolina takes a clean, small-batch approach to skincare. 

Their line includes facial products like cleansing milk, clay masks and facial polish, plus herb-infused moisturizers, cold cream, and rose serum. C&Co’s founder, Christi Apodaca, founded the company with a mission to create PH-balanced and lipid-based products that are affordable, yet made only with high-quality ingredients that nurture and protect the skin.

Their seed to skin initiative ensures a transparent production process where they also share a comprehensive list of all their ingredients and where they’re sourced from, such as Canadian aloe vera, Croatian chamomile, French green clay, and many more that are ethically sourced from sustainable farms, and never toxic or chemical-based.

This brand is also leaping bunny, cruelty-free, and living wage certified, in addition to being searchable on the Environmental Working Group’s website with a low toxicity rating.

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7. Maisonovo

If you’re seeking a sustainable home goods brand that can streamline your space while reducing plastic waste, Maisonovo is an ethical business to support. This women-owned, Brooklyn-based company creates intentionally-designed cleaning products, including refillable soap dispensers with foaming soap tablets, which come in multiple different scents and last an average of six to eight weeks. They also have glass spray bottles and countertop soap dispensers with trays that look elegant, but help minimize the amount of plastic use in your home.

Maisonovo carries Swedish dishcloths, which are a highly-absorbent alternative to paper towels that can be reused many times.

These dishcloths come with peel and stick wall clings for easy hanging and access, and they are available in a variety of cute designs that are especially fun for inspiring kids to get sustainable while they help out around the house.

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8. FarmboxRx

FarmboxRx Founder and CEO, Ashley Tyrner, has long been on a mission to advocate for underserved communities by bringing them fresh, healthy food that can help them thrive.

FarmboxRx is a brand that partners with community organizations to provide people in need with comprehensive wellness programs that include not only access to healthy food, but also increased access to essential health exams and post hospital discharge regimens designed to prevent readmission.

Their recently launched maternal health program is aimed at expecting and new mothers, helping them improve prenatal and postpartum health before and after their child’s birth, while also fostering education on how food can be used as medicine to advance their families’ health and foster justice.

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9. Treadwell

Treadwell is a women-owned natural skincare and self care brand located in New York’s picturesque Hudson Valley. Founders and sisters Emily and Claire Loughran have a philosophy that simple, clean botanical ingredients can create a lavish and sensorial experience that helps us slow down and become more connected with ourselves and the world around us. 

Their small but mighty product line includes a deeply-nourishing body oil with just six ingredients, including olive, kukui nut, grape seed, and rosehip oils, along with frankincense and patchouli scents. They also make fragrance roll-on scents which easily win against the toxin-filled name brand perfumes and instead rely on 100% pure essential oils and jojoba seed oils, some of which are organic. Their products are plant-based, non synthetic, and cruelty-free.

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10. Bite

Bite is a sustainable oral care brand founded by former surfer Lindsay McCormick, who wanted a better alternative to plastic toothpaste tubes. To keep these tubes from polluting the ocean and filling up landfills, Bite created a line of products that were featured (and funded) on Shark Tank. They have since kept 250,000 pounds of plastic waste from the ocean. 

Bite’s signature products are toothpaste bits trusted by dentists and free from chemicals. Bits come in a refillable glass jar that contains 248 servings, which lasts about four months. Another benefit of using bits is that they’re foaming without the use of sulfates and offer a perfect portion size every time. Bite publishes a full impact report across key categories that include their environmental impact and their labor practices, among other areas.

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About the Author

Michelle Polizzi is an independent writer and storyteller with 7 years of experience creating content online. Her writing has appeared in leading publications like Bitch, WELL+GOOD, Insider, and Healthline, and she covers topics like sustainable living, mental health, and intersectional feminism. Currently, she's pursuing an MFA in creative writing.

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WANT MORE SUSTAINABLE BRANDS? VISIT OUR BRAND DIRECTORY!

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Disclosure: Some of the links below are affiliated; we may earn a small commission if you click through and make a purchase. We only ever add brands & products we truly believe in. Thank you for supporting the brands who are working to make the world a better place!

THE BEST NON-TOXIC BAKEWARE BRANDS

Whether you are moving out on your own or simply want to refresh your bakeware because all your pieces are scratched up, you might be on the lookout for new baking dishes and supplies.

However, be careful when choosing your new cookie sheets, cake pans, pie dishes, and so on. Chances are the ones you will find are not safe and healthy to bake with! 

Indeed, most bakeware pieces you can buy in stores and online are made out of metal with a non-stick coating that you would rather not use.

That coating usually contains PFAS, also known as “forever chemicals”, which are linked to various health conditions including an increased risk of kidney and testicular cancer, lowered fertility, liver disease, asthma, and more.  

Thankfully, we can still bake delicious cookies, cakes, and bread without exposing ourselves to those toxic chemicals. 

In this article, we have rounded up the 12 best non-toxic bakeware brands so you can make your baking experience as healthy and safe as possible. 

WHAT MAKES BAKEWARE NON-TOXIC?

The number one thing you want to look out for when buying non-toxic bakeware is the materials it is made out of.

To be healthy and safe to use, bakeware should be completely free of heavy metals such as lead and cadmium, but also of all types of PFAS.

Some brands want to trick us into thinking their baking dishes are non-toxic by claiming their products are free of PFOA or PFOS, which are different types of PFAS. However, they may contain other types of PFAS! 

There are actually thousands of PFAS out there, so we need to make sure the bakeware we buy does not contain any of them.

And the best way to do that is to choose materials that are not made with that toxic, non-stick coating. 

WHAT NON-TOXIC MATERIALS SHOULD YOU SEARCH FOR?

The healthiest materials you can opt for when choosing your bakeware are glass, stainless steel, cast iron, and 100% pure ceramic.

You can also find great, non-toxic options made of some kind of metal with a ceramic coating. However, make sure these are completely PFAS-free. Another great material you can safely bake with is French porcelain, but only if it is free of heavy metals. 

Finally, silicone can be a healthy choice if you are looking for oven mats and other baking supplies. But choose silicone that is platinum grade and food safe, and check that it is not made with plastic additives.

OUR TOP PICKS FOR NON-TOXIC BAKEWARE BRANDS

1. Caraway

Categories: Baking Pans, Baking Sheets, Muffin Pans, Loaf Pans, Cooling Racks

Materials: Ceramic-Coated Steel, Stainless Steel

Caraway is a sustainable kitchenware brand selling non-toxic cookware, food storage containers, and all kinds of kitchen accessories.

Its bakeware collection features baking sheets and pans of different sizes and shapes for all your baking needs, including muffin pans and loaf pans.

All of these are made of steel with a ceramic coating that is naturally non-stick, so you will not need to use as much oil or butter and cleaning will be easier than ever! The coating is also 100% non-toxic and free of PTFE, PFOA, PFAS, and heavy metals. 

Plus, it releases less CO2 into the environment during its production process compared to traditional non-stick coatings. 

Caraway’s bakeware is sold in a variety of gorgeous colors, making them very aesthetically pleasing and enjoyable to bake with. 

The brand also sells a stainless steel cooling rack, and if you buy one of the bakeware sets, you will get practical storage racks so you can keep your kitchen cupboards tidy and organized. 

Its products are also shipped in plastic-free, recycled packaging. 

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2. Kana Lifestyle

Categories: Cake Pans, Baking Sheets, Parchment Paper

Materials: Stainless Steel, Paper

Kana Lifestyle is on a mission to create high-quality, versatile kitchen tools that are accessible to everyone. It prioritizes and uses sustainable materials such as cast iron made with recycled iron. 

It sells four round cake pans in different sizes as well as two baking sheets with complimentary cooling and roasting racks. These products are made of tri-ply clad, 304-grade stainless steel that is heat resistant up to 1000°F. 

The material is incredibly durable and ensures excellent heat distribution across the entire surface and efficient heat retention. Not to mention it does not leach toxic chemicals into your food! 

If you like using parchment paper, Kana Lifestyle also has a more sustainable option for you. Its parchment paper is made from sustainably sourced wood pulp, is compostable, and decomposes in just 20 weeks. 

The brand offers carbon-neutral shipping and is a member of 1% For The Planet. It is also B Corp certified, so you know it makes its products with the environment and its workers in mind. 

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3. Lodge Cast Iron

Categories: Pie Pans, Cake Pans, Casserole Pans, Baking Sheets, Baking Skillets, Loaf Pans, Specialty Bakeware, Accessories 

Materials: Cast Iron

Lodge Cast Iron is a family-owned company that has been crafting heirloom-quality cookware and accessories since 1896. It offers different kinds of seasoned cast iron bakeware pans including a pie pan, a baking sheet, a casserole pan, loaf pans, and a baking skillet.

You can even buy specialty bakeware such as a pizza pan, a cornstick pan, and mini cake pans in the shape of a holiday wreath or skulls! The brand also has different accessories like whisks, spatulas, baking towels, and measuring spoons and cups.

These bakeware products are all easy to grip, lift, and move. What’s more, they are made in the company’s foundry in Tennessee and crafted to last for generations. 

Lodge Cast Iron has implemented many eco-friendly practices in its manufacturing process, and it regularly gives back to its local community through charitable donations and volunteer work. 

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4. Made In

Categories: Baking Dishes, Sheet Pans, Gratin Dishes, Pie Dishes 

Materials: Porcelain

Made In is a small, family-owned brand that provides us with high-quality cookware, bakeware, and tabletop sets. Its products are even bought by professional chefs from restaurants all over the world.

Its bakeware collection consists of pieces crafted from pure French porcelain. The pieces are made in France in a facility that has been perfecting the process for over 200 years. 

The brand’s porcelain is 100% free of lead and cadmium and provides a naturally non-stick surface. It is also microwave and oven-safe up to 650°F, and it heats evenly, ensuring your food is not over or underbaked.

You will be able to choose from different baking, gratin, or pie dishes, some of which feature beautiful hand-painted patterns! 

You will also love Made In’s Baking Slab! Part sheet pan and part pie dish, it is perfect for making slab pies, focaccia, large tarts, or sheet cakes. It also goes from the freezer to the oven without cracking.

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5. Xtrema

Categories: Baking Dishes, Loaf Pans, Cake Pans, Pie Plates, Muffin Pans, Roasting Trays, Baking Rack, Grill Pans

Materials: Ceramic

Xtrema creates safe, non-toxic cookware, bakeware, tea kettles, and kitchen accessories, all of which are handcrafted by expert artisans. 

It offers different kinds of baking dishes, muffin pans, pie plates, and specialty bakeware such as a roasting tray and a baking rack. The brand makes all its products from 100% ceramic (with no coating). 

They are all completely non-toxic and free of PTFE, PFOA, lead, cadmium, and other heavy metals. They are also built to last and will not scratch or flake even after years of use! 

Very versatile, you can use Xtrema’s bakeware in the microwave and oven, and then safely put it in the dishwasher. Plus, the company donates 1% of every purchase to a nonprofit of your choice. You will get to choose which one at checkout. 

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6. Green Life

Categories: Cookie Sheets, Cake Pans, Muffin Pans

Materials: Ceramic, Steel

Green Life designs eye-catching, colorful cookware and kitchen appliances made with eco-friendly, non-toxic materials. 

It offers different cookie sheets, 12-cup muffin pans, and a rectangular cake pan, all of which are crafted from heavy-duty steel with a ceramic coating. The coating is naturally non-stick, heats quickly and evenly, and is even dishwasher safe. It will also not release unhealthy toxins such as PFAS, PFOA, lead, and cadmium. 

Available in several lovely colors such as turquoise, pink, or lavender, Green Life’s bakeware will bring a pop of color to your kitchen! 

You can also get two bakeware sets that include baking accessories like silicone spatulas or cooling racks alongside the baking pans and sheets. 

We like that the company has its own treatment plant to filter and reuse its industrial wastewater and that its factory runs (partly) on solar energy. Plus, its ceramic coating creates fewer CO2 emissions than traditional non-stick coatings. 

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7. 360 Cookware

Categories: Cookie Sheets, Roasting Pans, Brownie Pans, Cake Pans, Pie Pans, Loaf Pans

Materials: Stainless Steel

360 Cookware sells stainless steel cookware, bakeware, and kitchen accessories. Its bakeware collection includes all kinds of cookie sheets and baking pans such as loaf pans and brownie pans. 

It also offers a beautiful set of measuring spoons and a wide range of cookie cutters featuring cool shapes. Besides the more classic shapes, you can get Halloween and Christmas-themed cookie cutters!

The brand’s products are handcrafted in the USA (mostly in Wisconsin) from high-quality stainless steel and are built to last.   

What’s more, its pans and sheets do not stick because 360 Cookware uses a dry sanding process that gives them a non-porous surface. Not to mention they come with a lifetime warranty and do not have any chemical coating so they are completely free of PFAS, PTFE, PFOA, and PFOS.

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8. Great Jones

Categories: Casserole Dishes, Sheet Pans, Cooling Racks, Mixing Bowls, Muffin Pans, Baking Dishes, Pie Dishes, Loaf Pans, Cake Pans, Baking Mats

Materials: Ceramic, Aluminized Steel, Silicone 

Great Jones is a small, women-run company based in New York that creates colorful cookware and bakeware. Its bakeware collection includes everything from muffin pans and casserole dishes with lids to sheet pans and mixing bowls. 

Its retro-looking baking dishes and mixing bowls are made of ceramic while its cookie sheets, cooling racks, and muffin pans feature an aluminized steel body with a ceramic coating. The naturally non-stick coating is completely made without lead, cadmium, PTFE, PFAS, and PFOA.  

Great Jones’ bakeware comes in different cheerful, electric colors and is incredibly easy to clean as you can put it in the dishwasher.

The brand even offers reusable baking mats as a sustainable alternative to parchment paper. They are made from non-stick, food-safe silicone and are BPA- and BPS-free and dishwasher-friendly. Their prints are gorgeous! 

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9. All Clad

Categories: Casserole Dish, Roasting Sheets, Jelly Roll Pan

Materials: Stainless Steel, Aluminum

All Clad creates durable cookware, knives, bakeware, and kitchen appliances right here in the United States. While it has a large selection of non-stick baking sheets and pans, we do not recommend those as the brand states its non-stick coating contains PTFE. 

However, All Clad also offers four bakeware products made from tri-ply 18/10 stainless steel. Their core is made of aluminum to help them heat up quickly, but that part is not in contact with your food, so they are a great non-toxic option! 

The roasting sheets and jelly roll pan are very versatile as you can use them for baking, roasting, broiling, and serving. They are oven and broiler-safe up to 600°F and have a large, flat surface area and an angled edge for easy handling.

The brand also sells a mini stainless steel casserole dish with a lid, which you can use in the oven but also on any stovetop including induction. It heats quickly and evenly, and its small capacity makes it ideal for preparing and serving side dishes.

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10. GreenPan

Categories: Sheet Pans, Cake Pans, Muffin Pans, Loaf Pans, Pizza Pans

Materials: Ceramic, Aluminum 

GreenPan is a sustainable cookware brand that makes non-toxic products for your kitchen. Its ovenware collection includes various baking sheets, cake pans, and muffin pans of different sizes and shapes. You can even get a pizza pan with built-in handles and baking dishes with matching lids. 

These products feature a durable cast aluminum construction with a non-stick ceramic coating that is made without PFOA, PFAS, lead, or cadmium. The brand also sells the colorful bakeware collection of its sister brand Green Life (mentioned above). 

We love that GreenPan has implemented all kinds of sustainable practices in its manufacturing process! For instance, its wastewater is treated and returned back to the production process, and half of its energy consumption comes from a renewable source. 

Its facility only produces PFAS-free cookware, and the brand makes its aluminum cookware vessels from recycled aluminum. It also uses recycled and FSC-certified packaging and received the Cradle To Cradle certification. 

Plus, you will receive a free 184-page cookbook if your purchase is over $275! 

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11. Emile Henry

Categories: Baking Dishes, Loaf Pans, Pizza Stones, Casserole Dishes, Pie Dishes, Baguette Bakers, Cheese Bakers 

Materials: Clay 

Emile Henry is a French family-owned company founded in 1850 that manufactures high-quality ceramic ovenware and gourmet cooking products. 

It has an impressive range of bakeware featuring all kinds of baking dishes, pie dishes, loaf pans, and casserole dishes. It also sells specialty products such as different pizza stones, but also baguette bakers, and cheese bakers. 

They all cook evenly and have superior heat retention properties. You can also take them from the freezer directly to the oven without a warm-up period on the counter! 

The brand’s ovenware is crafted from Burgundy clay and other natural non-clay materials using its proprietary state-of-the-art manufacturing process. The products are all 100% food-safe and free of lead and cadmium, and all the glazes meet California Prop 65. 

Emile Henry’s bakeware is available in a large selection of colors and can safely go in the dishwasher. 

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12. Anchor Hocking

Categories: Baking Dishes 

Materials: Glass

Anchor Hocking has been making quality, American-made glass kitchenware since 1905. All its products are still made at its original factory in Lancaster, Ohio. 

The brand has seven glass bakeware collections that include baking dishes of multiple sizes and shapes. You will be able to choose from all kinds of loaf dishes, pie dishes, and many more. They all have oversized handles for easy gripping and handling. 

Some of its collections feature baking dishes that come with lids so that you can easily bring them to your next family gathering or picnic. The lids are leak-resistant, have a built-in vent, and clasp tightly onto the glass. Select items are also sold with practical totes.

Anchor Hocking’s Laurel and Heritage Basketweave collections offer gorgeous baking dishes with either a beautiful embossed design or a pattern inspired by vintage baskets. These will accent the beauty of your food!   

The company produces its baking dishes from thermally strengthened soda-lime silicate glass to make them more durable. They are all designed to bake evenly and retain heat. 

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About the Author

Eva Astoul is a French freelance writer, specializing in content related to sustainability, simple living, and a growth-focused healthy lifestyle.

She runs her own blog, Green With Less, to inspire people to live a more minimalist and sustainable life.

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Image: Medley

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THE BEST SUSTAINABLE AMERICAN-MADE FURNITURE

 In a world where fast furniture has become the norm, the majority you find today is made cheaply and not built to last. 

Because of that, many consumers choose to buy American-made furniture, hoping they will get higher quality products made with the environment in mind. They also hope to support American manufacturing and jobs. 

However, not all USA-made furniture is created equal. Not all of it is made using eco-friendly materials and sustainable manufacturing processes. 

In this article, we have rounded up 14 sustainable brands crafting high-quality, American-made furniture so you can elevate your space without hurting the planet. 

WHAT MAKES AMERICAN-MADE FURNITURE SUSTAINABLE?

Sustainable American-made furniture is produced with eco-friendly materials and finished using non-toxic, VOC-free natural stains. 

It is not mass-produced but instead handcrafted by skilled artisans who use traditional craftsmanship techniques. It should be built to last for generations! 

Sustainable USA-made furniture pieces are also easily restored and repaired and are produced using sustainable practices. 

They also do not release toxic chemicals into the air. The best way to ensure they do not off-gas is to opt for furniture carrying the GREENGUARD Gold or MADE SAFE certifications. 

Plus, try to support companies that are B Corp, Fair Trade, or Climate-Neutral certified. 

WHAT ECO-FRIENDLY MATERIALS SHOULD YOU SEARCH FOR?

Sustainable American-made furniture is usually made from locally sourced and sustainably harvested wood, ideally carrying the FSC certification. 

Even better, some brands craft their pieces from reclaimed wood, so no additional trees had to be cut down during the manufacturing process. Other sustainable materials are recycled plastic, recycled steel, or recycled aluminum. 

If you opt for upholstered furniture, choose eco-friendly fabrics such as linen or organic cotton, and pieces made with natural latex or non-toxic, CertiPUR-US-certified foam. You can also pick fabrics certified by OEKO-TEX Standard 100, which are completely free of harmful chemicals. 

OUR TOP PICKS FOR SUSTAINABLE AMERICAN-MADE FURNITURE BRANDS

1. Savvy Rest

Categories: Mattresses, Bed Frames, Bedside Tables, Benches, Sofas, Armchairs, Coffee Tables

Made In: Virginia

Savvy Rest is an employee-owned organic mattress brand creating bedroom and living room furniture using non-toxic, natural materials. 

It makes all its pieces in Virginia from sustainably harvested and regionally sourced poplar or maple wood. Its mattresses are also GREENGUARD Gold certified and produced with natural latex foam, certified organic cotton, and organic wool. It can even customize the firmness on each side of the mattress depending on the couple’s needs! 

The brand’s sofas, loveseats, and armchairs contain organic hemp and cotton, natural latex, and natural coir and are finished with zero-VOC finishes. Savvy Rest does not use any chemical flame retardants, bleaches, dyes, or other toxic finishes. 

Plus, we love that it makes its pieces in GOTS-certified production facilities! It is also a certified B Corporation and offsets its annual carbon emissions. 

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2. Sabai Design

Categories: Couches, Loveseats, Chairs, Ottomans, Tables

Made In: North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Michigan

Sabai Design creates sustainably made couches including comfy sectionals, sleeper sofas, and loveseats. You can also pair them with a matching chair and ottoman and get a lovely coffee or side table to elevate your living room. 

The brand makes sure its furniture is made with non-toxic, sustainable materials. For instance, its Essential Sofa features an SFI-certified wood frame, pillows made with recycled fiber fill, CertiPUR-US certified foam, and upcycled fabrics. 

The couches are available in at least ten colors and do not contain any flame retardants or formaldehyde. They are crafted in ethically run factories across different states in the USA. 

Sabai Design is also B Corp certified and has a second-hand platform where you can trade in or buy a preloved couch! 

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3. Medley

Categories: Couches & Chairs, Bedroom Furniture, Desks, Storage Pieces, Tables

Made In: North Carolina, California, Illinois

Medley uses high-quality, sustainable materials and old-school building techniques to create comfortable furniture for our homes. 

It has a large selection of couches, sleeper sofas, sectionals, and accent chairs for the living room. But you can also get beautiful bed frames, storage furniture, and tables of all sizes. 

The brand makes them from domestically sourced FSC-certified wood, and its sofas are filled with either GOLS and GOTS-certified natural latex foam or CertiPUR-US-certified foam. 

It also uses ethically sourced wool that is certified OEKO-TEX Standard 100, and non-toxic, low-VOC finishes. All its upholstery fabrics carry certifications such as GREENGUARD Gold, GOTS, or OEKO-TEX! 

Medley handcrafts its pieces in different states across the USA and plants three trees for every tree used in its furniture-making process. 

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4. Maiden Home

Categories: Couches, Tables, Chairs & Benches, Bed Frames, Nightstands, Dressers

Made In: North Carolina

Maiden Home is on a mission to offer handcrafted luxury furniture for modern homes. Each of its pieces is made to order by its artisan partners in North Carolina. 

It works with people who specialize in woodworking, upholstery, and tailoring techniques that have been passed down from generation to generation. 

The brand designs gorgeous living room and bedroom furniture as well as dining tables and chairs. Its pieces feature timeless silhouettes, unique shapes and curvature, and are rich in details, texture, and visual interest. 

If you opt for a couch, you will be able to choose from a variety of fabrics including linen, merino wool, cotton, mohair, and different types of leather. 

Maiden Home’s furniture is made without flame retardants, formaldehyde, or other toxic chemicals, and its cushion cores are produced with renewable, soy-based foam that is CertiPUR-US certified. 

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5. Avocado

Categories: Mattresses, Bed Frames, Dressers, Nightstands, Lounge Chairs, Tables, Desks 

Made In: California

Avocado Green Mattress is an organic mattress brand that also sells beautiful American-made bedroom furniture. 

Its mattresses, which are even available in crib sizes, are some of the most sustainable on the market. They are made with sustainably harvested GOLS-certified organic latex and GOTS-certified organic wool and cotton. They carry the MADE SAFE and GREENGUARD Gold certifications for low chemical emissions so they are healthy to sleep in.  

From bed frames to dressers to desks, its bedroom furniture is also made with the planet in mind. It is crafted in the brand’s factory in Los Angeles from FSC-certified wood. 

Avocado Green Mattress is a “Best For The World” certified B Corporation and is Climate-Neutral and Fair Trade Certified! It also won the Pinnacle Awards from 1% For The Planet. 

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6. Emeco

Categories: Chairs & Stools, Tables, Benches & Daybeds, Outdoor Furniture

Made In: Pennsylvania

Emeco was founded in 1944 to create sturdy chairs for the US Navy. For 80 years now, it has been selling chairs and stools made from recycled aluminum. Everything is still produced in the same factory based in Hanover, Pennsylvania. 

Its first, original 1006 Navy chair is still built by hand and takes 77 steps to complete. It is lightweight yet built to last, non-corrosive, and fire-resistant. You can also buy chairs made from sustainably sourced solid wood or recycled plastic. 

What’s more, Emeco has a wide range of stools available in different heights, many types of tables (including café, bar, side, and dining tables), benches, and daybeds. 

Most of the brand’s aluminum products are sold in a selection of powder coat colors with excellent all-weather durability, meaning that you can use them both inside and outside! 

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7. What WE Make

Categories: Tables & Chairs, Bookcases & Shelving, Consoles, Bathroom Cabinets, Desks, Storage Pieces, Bedroom Furniture

Made In: Illinois

What WE Make is a family-owned furniture brand that makes-to-order furniture pieces for each room of the house. From the living room to the bedroom to storage pieces, you will find exactly what you need to furnish your space. 

You can even purchase bathroom furniture including solid wood vanities paired with hand-poured concrete vanity tops! 

What is awesome about this brand is that it can customize and make most of its pieces in any size, and you can mix and match styles, finishes, and leg configurations. 

What WE Make’s furniture is handmade in Algonquin, Illinois, using reclaimed barn wood and sustainably sourced hardwood from the Midwest. The wood finishes are non-toxic, VOC-free, and water-resistant, and everything is built to last for generations. 

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8. The Appel Shop

Categories: Tables, Desks, Stools & Benches

Made In: Florida 

The Appel Shop is a family-owned Etsy shop handcrafting gorgeous wooden tables and desks in Monticello, Florida. It has everything from minimalist-looking and L-shaped desks to dining tables with matching stools, console tables, and coffee tables. 

You can also get side tables, benches, and a monitor stand for your desktop computer. There is even a practical dog bowl stand for your beloved furry friend! The brand also offers an electric adjustable base so you can turn your regular desk into a standing one. 

The Appel Shop makes its furniture from solid maple wood using a water-based stain and finish, and some of the pieces are available in over 30 color options. Everything is built to last and most feature a cool farmhouse style. 

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9. Vermont Woods Studios

Categories: Bedroom Furniture, Dining Sets, Desks, Bookcases, TV Stands, Tables, Rocking Chairs, Upholstered Furniture, Outdoor Sets, Buffets, China Cabinets

Made In: Vermont

Vermont Woods Studios provides quality wooden furniture that is carefully handcrafted by local woodworkers in Vermont. All the pieces are made from sustainably sourced wood that is grown in North America such as cherry, oak, maple, and walnut. 

The brand sells all kinds of furniture pieces, from bedroom sets and dining tables to office desks and media consoles. It even sells beautiful rocking chairs, filing cabinets, armoires, and china cabinets, which are all much more difficult to find sustainably made! 

Each piece is made to order using quality craftsmanship, and the brand can modify existing designs to meet your exact needs. 

Vermont Woods Studios also supports 1% For The Planet and has planted over 200,000 trees in the Amazon. It has even built pollinator gardens at its headquarters!  

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10. Alabama Sawyer

Categories: Benches, Tables, Desks, Seating, Storage Pieces & Shelves

Made In: Alabama

Alabama Sawyer creates unique furniture, home decor, and kitchen accessories such as cutting boards and compost bins from reclaimed urban wood. 

It offers beautiful benches, tables of all sizes, different storage furniture pieces, desks, as well as stools and chairs. You will love their simple, organic shapes and natural textures! Most of them also feature live edge wood, which will add a rustic touch to your home. 

The brand handcrafts all its pieces in Birmingham, Alabama, and uses salvaged urban hardwood sourced locally and from small sawmills in the Southeast. It is usually old trees that have fallen from storms or that required removal due to declining health, development, or hazard. 

We love that Alabama Sawyer sources 90% of its materials within a 50-mile radius of its woodshop and that it uses other durable materials such as cast iron, cork, and steel! 

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11. Loll Designs

Categories: Outdoor Furniture, Tables, Seating, Storage Furniture

Made In: Minnesota

Loll Designs is a sustainable brand that sells modern outdoor furniture partially made from recycled materials. From lounge chairs to tables to storage solutions, it offers everything you may need to enhance your outdoor space. You can even get practical bar carts, credenzas, and porch swings! 

The brand’s furniture is produced from high-density polyethylene (HDPE) partially made from recycled plastics such as single-use milk jugs and shampoo bottles. Thanks to this material, you will be able to leave your furniture out all year round and in all weather! There is no need to cover it and it does not require any special maintenance. 

Loll Designs is Cradle To Cradle certified and makes everything in Duluth, Minnesota, using materials sourced from the USA. It is also a member of 1% For The Planet and has implemented many other sustainable practices

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12. North Field Store

Categories: Kitchen Tables & Islands, Desks, Dining Sets, Benches

Made In: Wisconsin 

North Field Store is a small, family-run studio working with sustainable materials to create durable furniture pieces for the kitchen and dining room. 

It offers beautiful tables, benches, kitchen islands, and desks featuring a farmhouse and rustic style. All these pieces are handcrafted with reclaimed, reused, or salvaged solid wood and finished with eco-friendly stains and sealers. 

Each piece has a unique look with its original wood characteristics. The woodgrain patterning, subtle light and dark hues, and marks add to the character and charm of the furniture! 

North Field Store makes its furniture in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and sources its materials from areas in and around the Midwest. 

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13. Copeland Furniture

Categories: Bed Frames, Nightstands, Dressers, Desks, Tables & Chairs, Benches, Buffets, Bar Cabinets, Sofas & Armchairs, File Organizers 

Made In: Vermont

Copeland Furniture is a sustainable furniture brand created in 1976 that crafts wooden furniture in Bradford, Vermont. 

It has an impressive collection of pieces for the living room, bedroom, home office, and dining room. From gorgeous bed frames to file organizers to comfortable sofas, the pieces are inspired by different styles including classic mid-century modern and Scandinavian designs. 

They are crafted with hardwood such as cherry, oak, or walnut, and natural finishes that are GREENGUARD Gold certified for low chemical emissions. The upholstered pieces are available in a variety of fabric options, but you can also have them covered with your own material!

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14. Urban Wood Goods

Categories: Tables, Desks, Chairs, Benches, Bar Stools, Bookcases

Made In: Illinois 

Urban Wood Goods is a woman-owned company specializing in the custom design of reclaimed wood furnishings. 

It sells furniture for both residential and commercial uses, including coffee and dining tables, different seating options, desks, and bookcases. Businesses can even order large conference room tables. 

The brand also handcrafts unique live edge wood tables, which are perfect if you want to display nature’s beauty in your home! 

Urban Wood Goods produces all its pieces in a workshop near Chicago. It uses salvaged, old-growth woods from barns, homes, theaters, and other structures being deconstructed in the Midwest. 

It also donates 1% of its online sales to the Rainforest Action Network to help fight against deforestation around the world. 

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About the Author

Eva Astoul is a French freelance writer, specializing in content related to sustainability, simple living, and a growth-focused healthy lifestyle.

She runs her own blog, Green With Less, to inspire people to live a more minimalist and sustainable life.

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MAKE SURE TO PIN THE PHOTO BELOW TO SAVE THIS POST FOR LATER!

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WANT MORE SUSTAINABLE BRANDS? VISIT OUR BRAND DIRECTORY!

Our Brand Directory is home to hundreds of sustainable brands, from makeup to cleaning supplies, from underwear to shoes. We have broken everything down by category for easy shopping, along with discount codes unique to Sustainably Chic viewers.

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RELATED READING YOU MAY ALSO ENJOY:

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